Human Rights monitor
Forced marriage, woman oppression and bringing the foreigner to justice
Oli Md. Abdullah Chowdhur
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Photo: gov.uk |
There are reported incidents of forced marriage each year though all incidents did not get attention of media. Consents of both bride and groom are really important though the right of a vulnerable person to be heard is often violated. There is a general notion that potential bride coming from abroad becomes victim of forced marriage. However, people with disabilities become victim of forced marriage and perpetrators are often their family members.
People with disabilities have right to be heard like other human beings. Often, their rights are violated and members of their families are frequently the first violators. Recently, there is an alleged case of oppression against women in the court of Sylhet and a person was arrested in this regard. The man charged with the offence is a British citizen and he used his disabled son as a tool. The perpetrator not only exploited his disabled son in the name of marriage, but also oppressed women. The incident was reported in The Daily Prothom Alo (Saturday November 19, 2006) and also in other national and local newspapers.
The accused person subsequently arranged marriage of three women with his son suffering from mental and physical disabilities. After deceiving those women and their families in the name of marriage, the perpetrator did not resist himself, he harassed and maltreated women married to his son. With money and power, alleged Md. Abdul Karim evaded justice until he was arrested by police at Dhaka Airport Station (GD No. 597; 15/10/07) on October 15, 2007. When the accused was taken before Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, it was revealed that there were already two arrest warrants issued against him.
A good number of people hailing from different parts of Sylhet division are settled in UK. Parents often bring their children for the purpose of marriage in Bangladesh as marriages are arranged by families with the consent of both parties. However, there are reported incidents of manipulation by the parents. Incidents were recorded where relatives tried to force potential bride or groom to marry person of their choice. There are perpetrators among those who used person with disabilities as their tools even.
There is a section in Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) of British government to deal with the issues of forced marriage. “A Forced Marriage is one where people are coerced into a marriage against their will and under duress and duress includes both physical and emotional pressure” as it is defined in the official website of FCO. However, their services are exclusively for British citizen. When there is a report of possible forced marriage in case of British citizens, officers from FCO intervened and helped potential bride or groom in establishing rights.
However, there are little remedies when victim is a citizen of Bangladesh. Where FCO even repatriate the victim if necessary, there is hardly any support from Bangladeshi people when one becomes victim of forced marriage.
If full consent were sought, many occurrences of forced marriage could have been prevented. Consent of women is the right described in Article 16 of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), “State Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women: (a) The same right to enter into marriage and (b) The same right to freely choose a spouse and to enter into marriage only with their free and full consent”. State parties have obligation under this convention to ensure full consent during marriage and both Bangladesh and UK are state parties under this convention.
Furthermore, it has been stated in Article 16 (1) of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), “Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution”. Full consent of parties has been echoed later in Article 16(2), “Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses”. Successive human rights conventions though pin down the need of full consent from women, reality is different as deception is widely practiced by perpetrators in case of marriage.
Even though groom suffers from multiple disabilities in the mentioned case, parents were lured by the accused. According to the charge sheet framed by the police officers of Bianibazar Thana, Sylhet, the alleged person arranged a marriage of his son with the sister of complainant. Knowing the fact that his son suffers from a number of disabilities, perpetrator hide the fact to the bride and her family and also promised to take the bride to UK. When the bride realized the condition of his son, the alleged perpetrator attempted to rape her. The wedding took place on November 14, 2006 and officials of RAB-9 rescued the victims on November 17, 2006. The alleged person has cheated two other women in the same way. They also have filed suit against the perpetrator.
Women who became victim did not have any hope until members of human rights groups intervened. Since the perpetrator has huge wealth both in Bangladesh and UK, he attempted to influence the course of justice in a number of ways. Finally, it was Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) who stormed the well-guarded house of Abdul Karim and rescued the victims. The accused could not be arrested on that occasion, however.
Police officers in Bianibazar, Sylhet had launched an investigation against the perpetrator and found him guilty. Police framed two separate charge sheets against him and the number of charge sheets is respectively 26 and 27 under Bianibazar Thana of Sylhet. He was accused under Section 10/30 of Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children 2000 in the charge sheet. He was also accused under section 9(1)/23 in a separate charge sheet.
Again, human rights groups widely hailed the piece of law when Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children 2000 came into force. “Whoever commits rape with a woman or a child shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for life and with fine” is stated in Section 9(1) of Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children Act. Punishment has been further illustrated in Section 10 of the said Act. “Whoever, to satisfy his sexual urge illegally, touches the sexual organ or other organ of a woman or a child with any organ of his body or with any substance, his act shall be said to be sexual oppression and he shall be punished with imprisonment for either description which may extend to ten years but not less than two years of rigorous imprisonment and also with fine” is stated in Section 10(1). In the case of assault or indecent gesture, the act elaborates the provision of punishment in Section 10(2) “Whoever, to satisfy his sexual urge illegally, assaults a woman sexually or makes any indecent gesture, his act shall be deemed to be sexual oppression and he shall be punished with imprisonment for either description which may extend to seven years but not less than two years of rigorous imprisonment and also with fine”. Still, accused persons on a number of occasions escaped justice where there were lack of sufficient evidence against perpetrators.
Not only these three women were victims of abuse, there was a specific accusation of violating the rights of the child against the person. The perpetrator even tormented little child when he forced his daughter to divorce her husband. Although the victim filed a General Diary (GD No. 829) with Sylhet Kotowali and later filed a case (Case No. 49 on July 18, 2006) under Section 100 of Bangladesh Penal Code, alleged Abdul Karim managed to escape justice on that occasion too.
When Bangladesh submitted 5th periodic report, the CEDAW Committee called on the State party to ensure the effective implementation of the existing legislation to combat all forms of violence against women and to adopt specific legislation on domestic violence within a clear time frame, in order to ensure that women and girls who are victims of violence and sexual harassment have access to protection and effective redress, and perpetrators of such acts are effectively prosecuted and punished. The Committee also recommended gender-sensitive training on violence against women for public officials, particularly law enforcement personnel, the judiciary and health services providers.
“All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law” is stated in Article 27 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the constitution is the source of all laws prevailing in Bangladesh. Violators of the rights of the women often escape justice as the oppressed are often from marginalized communities. Since judiciary has been separated from executive, hope for oppressed lies with the court.
The writer is a human rights activist.
