Urinary tract infection: Facts you must know

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infection that can affect any part of the urinary tract, including the urethra, ureter, bladder and kidneys. Though it can occur to anyone at any age, it is more common among women. It is estimated that at least 40 to 60% of women will suffer from UTIs at some point in their lives. Women are more prone to recurrent UTIs as well.

UTI is caused by microorganisms that enter through the urethra (opening through which the urine pass outside the body) into the urinary tract and cause infection. It is most common among females as their urethra is shorter, allowing bacteria to reach and infect the bladder more easily. Also, in females, the urethra is closer to the anus, where many microorganisms reside.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infection that can affect any part of the urinary tract, including the urethra, ureter, bladder and kidneys. Though it can occur to anyone at any age, it is more common among women.

Some conditions increase the risk of UTI, like pregnancy, kidney stones, enlarged prostate, weak immune system (diabetes or people taking chemotherapy), people having urinary catheters, etc. Besides, people who don't maintain genital hygiene or don't drink sufficient amounts of fluids are also at risk of getting infected. Recurrent UTIs might be due to any underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or any defect in the urinary system.

UTI symptoms may include a burning sensation or pain during urinating, fever, increased frequency of urination, pain in the abdomen or pelvic area, urgency, urine leakage, discolouration or blood in urine, and so on. In addition, older, frail people or people with a urinary catheter may present agitation or confusion, wetting the bed more than usual and chills and rigour. Unfortunately, many people overlook these symptoms and remain untreated for long. As a result, it turns into serious complications, for instance, recurrent infections, permanent kidney damage, urethral stricture (narrowing) and sepsis (widespread infection throughout the body, a potentially life-threatening condition).

Anyone with these symptoms should visit a physician for early diagnosis and treatment. But one should also follow some steps to prevent it from occurring in the first place. The first and foremost duty is to practise good genital hygiene. Women should wipe front to back after toileting, change pads frequently during menstruation, avoid using feminine products in or around the genital area, such as deodorant sprays or powder and keep the genital area clean and dry.

Moreover, one should pass urine immediately after intercourse and avoid having sugary foods or drinks, as it may assist bacteria in growing. Also, one should not hold urine for a long time as it may favour any circulating microorganism in the bladder to establish an infection. Maintaining hydration is crucial; at least six to eight glasses of water per day will help to flush down the extra bacteria from the urinary tract. Tight, synthetic underwear should be avoided to keep the genital area dry.

UTIs respond very well to treatment. However, prevention is far more effective. Therefore, a conscious person should follow the guidelines to prevent urinary tract infection in the first place.

The writer works as a Research and Policy Assistant in Centre for Research, Innovation and Development Action (CRIDA). E-mail: trisitasahabiswas132@gmail.com