The consequences of untreated mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve in the heart does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. This can lead to a range of complications if left untreated. Understanding the potential consequences is crucial for those diagnosed with MR to take appropriate action and seek timely medical intervention.

Progressive heart failure:

One of the most significant risks of untreated MR is the development of heart failure. When the mitral valve leaks, the heart has to work harder to pump blood effectively. Over time, this increased workload can weaken the heart muscle, leading to heart failure. Symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, and persistent coughing or wheezing.

Atrial fibrillation:

Untreated MR can also lead to atrial fibrillation (AFib), a type of irregular heartbeat. The backward flow of blood into the left atrium causes the atrium to expand and stretch, which can disrupt the heart's normal electrical signals. AFib increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart, which can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Symptoms of AFib may include palpitations, dizziness, and chest pain.

Pulmonary hypertension:

Pulmonary hypertension is another serious complication of untreated MR. The increased pressure in the left atrium can cause elevated pressure in the pulmonary veins and, subsequently, the pulmonary arteries. This condition leads to high blood pressure in the lungs, which can strain the right side of the heart and eventually lead to right-sided heart failure. Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and fainting.

Endocarditis:

People with untreated MR are at a higher risk of developing endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. The abnormal flow of blood through the damaged mitral valve can create a suitable environment for bacteria to adhere to the valve. Symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. If left untreated, endocarditis can damage the heart valves further and lead to severe complications.

Reduced quality of life:

The symptoms associated with untreated MR, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling, can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Daily activities may become challenging, and the individual may find it difficult to maintain an active lifestyle. This can lead to a decline in physical and mental well-being.

Mitral regurgitation is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. If you suspect you have MR or have been diagnosed with it, it is crucial to follow your doctor's recommendations and seek appropriate treatment. Early intervention can help manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall quality of life. Ignoring the condition can lead to severe and potentially irreversible damage to your heart and overall health.