Wrinkles are a natural part of ageing, especially for the face, neck, hands and forearms. But some people are more prone to wrinkles based on sun exposure and other factors.

Although genetics mainly determine skin structure and texture, sun exposure is a major cause of wrinkles, especially for fair-skinned people. Pollutants and smoking also contribute to wrinkling.

While some people welcome their wrinkles as a sign of character, if your wrinkles bother you there are things you can do to minimise developing them.

Protect your skin from the sun: Protect your skin – and prevent future wrinkles – by limiting the time you spend in the sun and always wearing protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts and sunglasses.

Also, use sunscreen when outdoors, even during cloudy days. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or more.

Apply sunscreen generously, and reapply every two hours – or more often if you're swimming or perspiring.

Use products with built-in sunscreen: When selecting skin care products, choose those with a built-in broad-spectrum sunscreen – meaning it blocks both UVA and UVB rays.

Use moisturisers: Dry skin shrivels plump skin cells, which can lead to premature fine lines and wrinkles.

Though moisturisers can't prevent wrinkles, they may temporarily mask tiny lines and creases.

Don't smoke: Even if you've smoked for years or smoked heavily, you can still improve your skin tone and texture, and prevent future wrinkles by quitting smoking.

Eat a healthy diet: There is some evidence that certain vitamins in your diet help protect your skin.

More study is needed on the role of nutrition, but it's good to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Alternative medicine: Many over-the-counter wrinkle creams and lotions promise to reduce wrinkles and prevent or reverse damage caused by the sun.

But these products are not likely to make a noticeable difference in your skin.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies these creams and lotions as cosmetics, which are defined as having no medical value. So, it regulates them less strictly than it does drugs.

This means that products don't need to undergo rigorous testing for safety and effectiveness before approval to go on the market.

Because the FDA doesn't evaluate cosmetic products for effectiveness, there's no guarantee that any over-the-counter product will reduce your wrinkles.

If you're looking for a face-lift in a bottle, you probably won't find it in over-the-counter wrinkle creams. The benefits of these products are usually only modest at best.

The effectiveness of anti-wrinkle creams depends in part on the active ingredient or ingredients.

Here are some common ingredients that may result in some improvement in the appearance of wrinkles.

• Retinol – Retinol is a vitamin A compound, the first antioxidant to be widely used in nonprescription wrinkle creams.

Antioxidants are substances that neutralise free radicals – unstable oxygen molecules that break down skin cells and cause wrinkles.

• Vitamin C – Another potent antioxidant, vitamin C may help protect skin from sun damage.

Before and between uses, wrinkle creams containing vitamin C must be stored in a way that protects them from air and sunlight.

• Hydroxy acids – Alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid) and poly hydroxy acids are exfoliants – substances that remove the upper layer of old dead skin and stimulate the growth of smooth, evenly pigmented new skin.

• Coenzyme Q10 – This ingredient may help reduce fine wrinkles around the eyes and protect the skin from sun damage.

• Peptides – This ingredient has been used in products for wound healing, stretch marks, and now wrinkles.

• Tea extracts – Green, black and oolong tea contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Green tea extracts are the ones most commonly found in wrinkle creams.

• Grape seed extract – In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, grape seed extract promotes wound healing.

• Niacinamide – A potent antioxidant, this substance is related to vitamin B3 (niacin).

It helps reduce water loss in the skin and may improve skin elasticity. – Mayo Clinic News Network/Tribune News Service.

Copyright: The Star Online/ Asia News Network