After Irish republicans ended regular bombings in 2001, terror attacks in Britain became rarer. Most attacks since have been carried out by homegrown Islamists, the deadliest remains the July 2005 assault on London transport.

2003: Airliner attack foiled

Al-Qaeda plans to hijack planes leaving London Heathrow airport and crash them into the airport and into a high-rise building in London's Canary Wharf business district are foiled.

2004: Multiple attacks foiled

March 30, 2004: Seven British people are arrested and accused of planning a series of attacks in Britain, including on a "large disco" in London and electricity and gas installations.

2005: London transport attacked

July 7, 2005: Four British suicide bombers inspired by Al-Qaeda attack London's transport system during rush hour, killing 52 people, as well as themselves, and wounding 700. Two weeks later a failed attempt is made by another group to carry out a second wave of attacks.

2006: Transatlantic flight attacks foiled

August 10, 2006: British police foil a plot by an eight-man British gang to blow up airliners flying between the United States, Canada and Britain over the Atlantic Ocean using explosives made from liquids. The plot results in new restrictions on what passengers can carry on board.

2007: Car bombs fail

June 29, 2007: Two Mercedes cars filled with fuel, gas canisters and nails are found outside a nightclub near Piccadilly Circus, London. A day later a flaming car slams into the main terminal of Glasgow Airport in Scotland. An Indian driving the car suffers serious burns after dousing himself with petrol, and dies a month later. The passenger, Iraqi doctor, Bilal Abdulla, 29, is jailed in December 16 for at least 32 years for plotting to murder hundreds of people.

2009: Spate of Northern Ireland shootings

March 2009 sees a sudden resurgence of political violence in Northern Ireland with two soldiers shot dead outside their barracks by republican militants as they went to collect a pizza delivery, the first such slaying since 1997. Two days later a police officer is shot dead by a different paramilitary republican faction.

2013: British soldier slain

May 22, 2013: British soldier Lee Rigby, 25, is hacked to death by two Britons of Nigerian descent near an army barracks in the southeast of the capital. Witnesses say the attackers encouraged them to film the scene as they shouted "Allah Akbar" ("God is greatest") before being injured and arrested by police. In February 2014, Michael Adebolajo, 29, is sentenced to life in prison for the murder while Michael Adebowale, 22, receives a minimum of 45 years behind bars.

2015: London underground stabbing

December 5, 2015: A paranoid schizophrenic knifeman stabs two people, including one seriously, at London's Leytonstone Underground station, two days after Britain's first air strikes on the jihadist Islamic State group in Syria. The knifeman, Somali-born Muhaydin Mire, 30, is sentenced to life behind bars. The police describe the incident as "terrorist".

2016: Lawmaker murdered

June 16, 2016: British Labour politician and serving parliamentarian Jo Cox is murdered by a pro-Nazi sympathiser shortly before the historic but deeply divisive vote later that month to leave the EU. The killer, far-right white nationalist Thomas Mair, is sentenced to life in prison later that year.

2017: Westminster Bridge attack

March 22, 2017: Five people are killed and more than 50 are wounded when a man rams his car into pedestrians on Westminster bridge in London before crashing into the fence surrounding parliament. The attacker, 52-year-old Muslim convert Khalid Mahmood, is shot dead by police at the scene. Investigators describe the lone-wolf attack as "Islamist related terrorism".

2017: Ariana Grande concert attack

May 22, 2017: At least nineteen people are killed in a suspected terrorist attack at the end of a pop concert by US star Ariana Grande in Manchester.