As winter takes hold in many parts of the world, there is a predictable rise in acute respiratory infections (ARIs). These increases are typically driven by seasonal epidemics of common pathogens such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and mycoplasma pneumoniae. The co-circulation of these respiratory pathogens during the colder months can pose challenges for healthcare systems, as they work to manage the additional burden of seasonal illnesses.

Global surveillance systems have recorded a rise in influenza-like illness (ILI) and ARI rates in recent weeks. This trend aligns with typical seasonal patterns. Influenza activity has elevated, with variations in the dominant influenza subtype depending on the region. RSV activity shows variability, with some areas observing declines while others report increases. Although routine hMPV surveillance is not conducted in all countries, available data suggest a seasonal rise in cases, reflecting global patterns seen during this time of year.

Attention has also turned to the global implications of respiratory virus transmission. Reports highlight a seasonal increase in infections caused by influenza, RSV, hMPV, and other common respiratory pathogens. Influenza remains the most frequently detected cause of ARIs, particularly affecting vulnerable populations, with other pathogens like mycoplasma pneumoniae impacting specific age groups. SARS-CoV-2 activity, while generally low, is being monitored closely for any indications of surges.

The seasonal rise in ARIs and respiratory pathogen detections is consistent with expectations for this time of year. There have been no reports of unusual outbreaks, and healthcare systems across the globe have managed to maintain operations without significant strain. Public health authorities in various countries have responded by intensifying preventive measures and providing health messaging to minimise the impact of these illnesses.

Preventing and reducing the spread of respiratory infections relies heavily on public health strategies. The World Health Organisation (WHO) advises individuals to stay home if they have mild symptoms to avoid spreading the infection to others. For those in high-risk groups or experiencing severe or complicated symptoms, seeking timely medical care is critical. Additional preventive measures include wearing masks in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces, practicing regular handwashing, covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or bent elbow, and getting recommended vaccinations.

WHO continues to work with global surveillance networks to track respiratory illnesses and their impact. Integrated surveillance of respiratory pathogens allows countries to allocate resources effectively and implement targeted responses. Guidance from WHO helps assess the severity of influenza and other respiratory epidemics, ensuring healthcare systems can respond promptly to any sudden changes in disease patterns.

Vaccination remains a cornerstone of prevention, particularly for high-risk populations, including the elderly, young children, and individuals with preexisting conditions. Seasonal influenza vaccines and other recommended immunisations can significantly reduce the risk of severe illness and associated complications.

While the global community faces the usual seasonal increase in respiratory infections, these trends remain within expected ranges. Collaborative surveillance and proactive public health measures play vital roles in mitigating the burden of these diseases and protecting vulnerable populations. WHO continues to provide updates and support as needed, emphasising the importance of maintaining vigilance against seasonal respiratory pathogens.

By taking simple but effective preventive measures and adhering to public health advice, communities worldwide can navigate the season with resilience and minimise the impact of respiratory illnesses.

Source: World Health Organisation