Pakistan on Thursday staged fresh strikes targeting three Indian military stations in Kashmir with missiles and drones but there were no losses, the Indian military said, a charge Islamabad denied.

India said "the threat was neutralised ... with kinetic and non-kinetic means," adding that the bases targeted were in "Jammu, Pathankot and Udhampur in proximity to the international boundary".

Blackouts were reported from a swathe of cities in Kashmir, including Jammu, as well as cities in the neighbouring state of Punjab such as Amritsar and Jalandhar.

"We can hear loud explosions, it feels like bombs are going off everywhere," said Varinder Jeet Singh, a senior member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the national ruling party, speaking about Jammu.

"There is a complete blackout."

Jammu resident Liyakat, who only gave one name, said: "I heard many explosions and electricity was cut off."

Shesh Paul Vaid, a former director general of police for Jammu and Kashmir, also wrote on social media that there were "loud explosions".

A security source, who was not authorised to speak to the media, confirmed the explosions.

Pakistani Information Minister Attaullah Tarar denied that his country's military had carried out strikes in Jammu on Thursday.

On Wednesday, India launched missiles claiming that it targeted "terrorist camps", and Pakistan retaliated by scrambling fighter jets and launching artillery fire.

A day later, India and Pakistan accused each other of carrying out waves of drone attacks.

At least 48 deaths have been reported on both sides since the escalation, 32 of them in Pakistan including children.

Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar said Thursday he had spoken to EU top diplomat Kaja Kallas, adding: "India has been measured in its actions. However, any escalation will get a firm response."

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio urged India and Pakistan to take immediate steps to de-escalate and engage in dialogue, as he pressed Islamabad to end any support for "terrorist groups."