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Making an Energy-Efficient House in Bangladesh

Energy efficiency is the process of using less energy to achieve the same desired result. This not only reduces energy waste but also lowers utility costs while contributing to environmental sustainability. Energy efficiency is about more than just reducing energy use; it involves understanding how energy is consumed, identifying where it is wasted, and improving daily practices. In Bangladesh, making homes more energy-efficient can significantly lower energy consumption and costs while helping to mitigate environmental impacts. Here are some effective strategies for improving energy efficiency in Bangladeshi households.

Tankless water heaters

Tankless water heaters, also known as on-demand water heaters, are an energy-efficient solution gaining popularity in Bangladesh. Unlike traditional water heaters that continuously store and heat water, tankless heaters heat water only when needed, preventing energy waste from reheating cooled water. Models like the H-TEC Portable Instant Water Heater, Carotol Tankless Instant Electric Hot Water Heater Shower, and Walton Instant Water Heater are available in Bangladesh and offer convenient, energy-efficient options for homes.

The compact size and easy installation of these devices make them ideal for small households. However, ensuring the electrical system supports the power requirements and opting for professional installation is essential for performance and safety.

Replacing incandescent bulbs with energy-efficient lighting

Incandescent bulbs, which generate light by heating a filament, are highly inefficient, as most energy is wasted as heat rather than light. In Bangladesh, the widespread replacement of incandescent bulbs with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has helped reduce energy consumption significantly. Since 2010, the distribution of 5 million CFLs marked a major shift towards energy-efficient lighting.

According to Ashikur Rahman Jowel, a lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at BUET, "Switching to energy-efficient bulbs like CFLs and LEDs can cut electricity consumption by up to 80%. These alternatives also emit less heat, which can help reduce the need for air conditioning. The cost of CFLs and LEDs, although slightly higher initially, pays off in the long term through reduced energy bills."

Proper ventilation

Ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide fresh air and improve indoor air quality. It involves the removal of stale air and its replacement with fresh outdoor air.

In Bangladesh, natural ventilation can be achieved through several methods. Cross-ventilation involves placing windows or vents on opposite sides of a room to create airflow. Courtyards and open spaces allow air to circulate freely. Using natural materials like bamboo can enhance ventilation. Roof ventilation, through vents or skylights, helps hot air escape. These strategies improve indoor air quality and comfort in Bangladeshi households.

Ar. Muhaimin Shahriar, an architectural consultant, highlights, "Building orientation is key to energy efficiency. A house oriented towards the south or southeast allows for better natural ventilation, reducing the need for mechanical cooling. Furthermore, traditional elements such as courtyards can enhance airflow and shading, contributing to energy efficiency. "

Solar energy solutions

Solar energy is one of the most viable renewable energy options in Bangladesh, thanks to its abundance of sunlight. Solar Home Systems (SHS), grid-tied solar panels, and solar water heaters are commonly used to reduce dependence on grid electricity and lower energy bills. The government of Bangladesh offers subsidies for SHS through the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), especially for off-grid areas.

Shahriar also points out, "While the initial cost of installing solar panels may be high, these systems pay for themselves within 5-7 years. After that, homeowners benefit from free electricity, making solar energy a long-term cost-effective solution." Popular solar brands in Bangladesh, such as Green Delta Solar, Solprime, and SunPower, offer reliable and efficient systems. The declining cost of solar panels, with basic systems priced between BDT 15,000 and 40,000, makes it an attractive option for many homeowners.

Rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater for later use, such as irrigation, toilet flushing, or even in water heaters. This practice not only conserves water but also reduces the energy required for pumping and heating water. In Bangladesh, where water shortages are becoming increasingly common, rainwater harvesting provides an alternative water source that can reduce the strain on local water supplies.

Shahriar emphasises the importance of a well-designed rainwater harvesting system, where water from rooftops is collected in storage containers, filtered, and used for various household needs. He explains that in homes with large lawns or terraces, rainwater harvesting can contribute to cooling the house naturally, reducing the need for air conditioning.

Grey water recycling

Greywater, which is wastewater from sinks, showers, and washing machines (excluding water from toilets), can be recycled for non-potable uses like irrigation or toilet flushing. By reusing greywater, households can reduce the amount of water they use, thereby saving both water and energy.

Greywater recycling is particularly beneficial in Bangladesh, where water is often scarce. It reduces the demand for fresh water and minimises energy consumption associated with pumping and treating water. Additionally, using greywater for landscaping or green roofs can enhance natural cooling, further reducing the need for air conditioning.

Shahriar recommends installing a separate pipeline for grey water, which can be filtered and used in non-potable applications. This not only conserves water but also helps maintain a more sustainable household.

Efficient MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) systems

The integration of efficient MEP systems—heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and plumbing systems—is essential for optimising energy use in modern homes. Smart, energy-efficient MEP systems can significantly reduce overall energy consumption. For example, incorporating solar power into HVAC, lighting, and water systems can lower dependence on grid electricity.

Abdul Kadir Sarker, an energy researcher at BUET, highlights the role of efficient MEP systems in enhancing energy efficiency. He says, "Incorporating these systems into building design is crucial for reducing energy consumption and environmental impact, aligning with Bangladesh's strategy for clean energy, which includes a significant emphasis on solar power."

Climate-resilient and sustainable Building techniques

Given the increasing risks posed by climate change, Bangladesh is focusing on energy-efficient and climate-resilient housing. New building practices include using eco-friendly materials such as ferrocement, recycled steel, and bamboo. These materials are not only durable but also reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.

In addition to using sustainable materials, modern construction techniques in Bangladesh prioritise climate resilience. This includes designing homes that can withstand extreme weather events like floods, cyclones, and rising sea levels. Features like elevated structures, reinforced walls, and proper drainage systems are incorporated into new designs.

Shahriar further noted that in flood-prone coastal areas, building houses on stilts with sloped roofs can help manage wind and water pressure, ensuring structural integrity. In these areas, renewable energy solutions like solar panels and greywater recycling also help maintain energy efficiency and sustainability.

Improving energy efficiency in homes in Bangladesh offers significant benefits, from reducing energy consumption and lowering utility bills to contributing to environmental sustainability. As Bangladesh continues to face challenges related to climate change, these energy-efficient practices not only save money but also contribute to building a sustainable future for the country.

By embracing these strategies, Bangladesh can transition towards more energy-efficient, sustainable, and climate-resilient housing, improving the quality of life for its residents while reducing the environmental impact.

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