Some behavioural scientists published an infographic on the 'Battle of the Brain: Men vs. Women.' Despite the size difference (the male brain is 10% larger), differences in performances between men and women have long been a topic of debate among scholars. Most psychologists now believe that there are no significant sex differences in general intelligence, although ability in particular types of intelligence does appear to vary slightly on average.

The main sex hormones are estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. The estrogen is secreted by the ovaries. They help develop and maintain female characteristics and play an important role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. Many behavioural functions are also affected by estrogen, including mood, blood pressure, motor coordination, and pain. Testosterone is mostly secreted by the testes. Small amounts are also made in the adrenal gland. Although it contributes to maleness and masculinity, but also responds to behaviors such as struggle and competition.

Although testosterone exists and functions similarly in women and men, it is converted into estrogen in females, while in men it remains mostly as testosterone. As we grow older, hormones are different between sexes. Females have more oxytocin, which is positive for emotional empathy; while males have more testosterone, which is negatively related to cognitive empathy. Thus, gender differences in empathy may begin to appear.

E-mail: rubaiulmurshed@shomman.org