Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is challenging to manage, and high-altitude living adds another layer of complexity. At high altitudes, the reduced oxygen levels trigger physiological changes, but their impact on COPD patients remains uncertain.

Researchers analysed data from a multicenter cohort study, comparing about 1,400 COPD patients living below 1,000 feet with approximately 300 residing above 4,000 feet, mainly in cities like Denver and Salt Lake City. Most participants had lived at their respective altitudes for over a decade, according to the research sutdy published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

The findings revealed that COPD patients at higher altitudes walked an average of 100 feet less in a six-minute test and were significantly more likely to use supplemental oxygen. Despite these challenges, both groups reported similar symptom burdens, and lung function—measured by the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second—was comparable during the three-year follow-up.

Interestingly, high-altitude residents had a 25% higher risk of death over an 11-year period. However, this association disappeared after adjusting for air pollution, suggesting air quality may play a more critical role than altitude itself in influencing outcomes for COPD patients.

For COPD patients considering a move to lower altitudes, these results provide a nuanced perspective. While high altitude may necessitate more oxygen support and reduce exercise capacity, it does not appear to worsen symptoms or long-term lung function. Addressing air pollution may be equally, if not more, important for improving outcomes.