Risks of automation should be managed properly
A recent study has revealed that automation in the apparel sector has reduced the demand for human labour in the production process by nearly 31 percent. Specifically, automation in the cutting process resulted in a 48 percent reduction in workforce needs, while sewing saw a decrease of 26.57 percent. Sweater factories saw the sharpest decline at 37 percent, followed by woven factories at 27 percent per production line. This presents a new reality for RMG workers, many of whom find their skills increasingly irrelevant. The situation is particularly alarming given the already high unemployment rate among our youth.
There is no denying the importance of automation for modernisation and improved efficiency in factories. However, it also comes with the challenge of ensuring job security for the workforce. It is thus crucial to find ways to help our workers adapt to this technological transition rather than leaving them behind.
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The RMG sector has long been a cornerstone of our economy, creating jobs and advancing female labour participation, but the advent of semi- and fully-automated machinery is now causing disturbances. While skilled workers are being reassigned to new roles, those with limited skills, primarily helpers, face the greatest risk of unemployment. Small factories, unlike their larger counterparts, often lack the resources to train or reassign workers, further exacerbating the issue. Women, older workers, and those with low literacy levels are particularly vulnerable in this transition.
The problem is compounded by the broader economic challenges facing the RMG sector at present. Many factories have already laid off workers due to financial constraints and political disturbances in recent months. For instance, the Beximco Group recently let go of nearly 40,000 workers across its 15 apparel units, citing a lack of export orders. This points to an urgent need for stability in the sector.
We need proper research and planning to address these emerging challenges. To address the risks of automation, upskilling and reskilling initiatives must be prioritised. Additionally, the government and industry stakeholders should work together to diversify the economy by establishing new industries and work fronts that can absorb displaced workers. Most importantly, the industry must focus on leveraging the potential of our existing workforce rather than presuming they cannot adapt to new technologies. Navigating this transition while safeguarding livelihoods and ensuring sustainable growth is possible.
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