In the 21st century, it is almost impossible to imagine life without electricity. It powers every aspect of our daily lives, from our homes to our workplaces. However, electrical hazards, such as fires and the risk of short circuits, remain significant concerns, often worsened by poor cable quality.

This article focuses on the electrical systems in residential buildings, providing readers with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions and significantly reduce risks.

Roots of electrical hazards

The smooth operation of a residential building's electrical system depends on various factors, including the quality of the wiring, the expertise of electricians, the design of the electrical system, and ongoing maintenance.

Dr. Mahbub Alam, a Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) at BUET, points out that the local market is saturated with low-quality cables. He states, "The main reason behind fire incidents in residential buildings is low-quality cable." Dr. Alam also highlights faulty wiring as another major cause of electrical hazards. "Incorrect wire sizing and the use of the wrong type of wire can lead to circuit malfunctions, fires, electrical shocks, and other dangers," he warns. To prevent such issues, he advises limiting the load to the standard capacity of the circuit to avoid overloading and reduce the risk of overheating.

Cable market outlook

Although some unscrupulous companies produce and sell low-quality electric cables for higher profits, local companies like Paradise, BBS, BRB, Partex, SQ, Transcom Cables Ltd, RR Cables, and Bizli manufacture quality options suitable for all types of residential infrastructure.

Ahmed Ashfaqur Rahman, Director of RR Cables, discusses the impact of faulty or substandard cables: "We have extensively ensured that our products undergo a rigorous quality control process and adhere to SOPs of international standards." He also notes an increasing awareness among consumers, who now tend to look for cables with higher conductivity rates, flame-retardant (FR) properties for accident prevention, and environmentally friendly features.

Two commonly used cable options in residential buildings in Bangladesh are BYA and BYM, chosen for their ease of installation and flexibility, making them popular for wiring electrical systems in homes.

The NYY cable, primarily designed for fixed installations, is used on the low-voltage side of transformers to step down high voltage to a level suitable for distribution within residential buildings.

Companies offer a wide range of cables with various features, including maximum operating temperature, maximum short-circuit temperature, lead-free materials, and flame-retardant properties, among others.

Must-follow practices

Adhering to best practices in the installation and maintenance of electrical systems is essential to ensure their safety and efficiency for years to come.

Besides ensuring the quality of cables, seeking expert advice is vital to preventing electrical fires and other hazards. RAJUK has recently developed a framework that requires clearance from a licensed electrical engineer for system approval. Prof. Alam sees this as a commendable initiative that strengthens safety measures for residential buildings.

As the housing market expands due to rapid urbanisation, real estate companies play a vital role in upholding electrical safety standards. "Real estate developers who comply with RAJUK's guidelines ensure that electrical systems are designed by licensed professionals," says Aysha Siddiqa, Executive Director of BTI.

It is always advisable to consult a licensed electrical engineer to ensure compliance with local codes and standards. Bizli Cables offers free electrical consultancy and wiring design through its "Bizli Solution" service, covering everything from house wiring to industrial wiring.

Prof. Alam recommends regular inspections of electrical systems, stating, "The entire electrical system should be inspected every 5 to 7 years to check for signs of wear, damage, or overheating."